The Appease for more Lands and the Effects Essay -- English history, ba

The battle of Hastings of 1066 intertwined side of meat history with that of Normandy and consequently with France. Once William of Normandy conquered England, the nature of medieval incline state transformed drastic completelyy. In 1086, all land in England became a fief held by the crown in return for service. Norman presence chthonian King William diminished local particularism by scattering and distributing land. Further much, as Hollister and Stacey indicate, Norman Conquest brought with it, its own form of feudalism distinct from its French counterpart more orderly and thoroughgoing. As a result, a tightening of the military occurred fortresses could no longer be built without royal authority to prevent insurrections. In addition, other Norman elements such as the French language and culture manifested among the English elites, but in no way made their identity. Williams mastery did not eliminate Anglo-Saxon culture that predated him instead, he adopted the Anglo-Saxon d isposition and Carolingian forms of rulership, which continued under other Norman rulers of England. By the Norman Conquest, England had already become one of the most integrated and consolidated states in Europe with a highly structured system of royal administration, well-established laws, and a change economic system (with effective forms of taxation). At best, the Norman Conquest improved already existing political, economic and social structures. The battle of Hastings led to the replenishment in English monarchy and linked English fate to France for centuries to come both militarily and economically but it was not the making of England. Norman rulers from 1066 onward focussed more on territorial expansion than developing the English identity as a showcase o... ..., as transformations that occurred in England, legal, economic and ecclesiastical all emerged independent of France, mostly from internal pressure than outside push. As Hollister and Stacey illustrate, the distrac tion of England by its interaction with Franc is evident in the fact that almost every English king since the Norman Conquest had campaigned against the French at one time or another. While conquest and military expansion by the twelveth and thirteen snow became a part of the English need to expand its empire it was not a necessary attribute to their Englishness.Bibliography Halsall, Paul. The Trial of Joan of Arc, 1431. New York Fordham University, 1998.http//www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1431joantrial.aspHollister, C. Warren, Robert C. Stacy, and Robin Chapman Stacy. The making of England to 1399, 8th ed. Houghton Mifflin, 2001.

Censorship On The Internet :: essays research papers

Censorship on the InternetFive years after the freshman world wide web was launched at the end of 1991, TheInternet has become very popular in the United States. Although PresidentClinton already signed the 1996 telecom ActI on Thursday Feb 8, 1996,the banship issue on the net still remains unresolved. In fact, censorship incyberspace is unconscionable and impossible. Trying to censor the Internet itsproblematic because the net is an supranational issue, there is no standard forjudging materials, and censorship is an abridgment of democratic spirit.Firstly, censorship on the Internet is an international issue. The Internet wasconstructed by the U.S. military since 1960s, but no unitary actually owns it. Thus,the Internet is a global network, and it crosses over different cultures. It isimpossible to censor everything that seems to be offensive. For example, Vietnamhas announced new regulations that forbid "data that can affect nationalsecurity, social order, and safety or i nformation that is not appropriate to theculture, morality, and traditional usance of the Vietnamese people." on June 4,1996. It is also impossible to ban all things that are prohibited in a outlandish.For instant, some countries, such as Germany, have considered pickings measuresagainst the U.S. and other companies or individuals that have created ordistributed offensive material on the Internet. If the United States governmentreally wanted to censor the net, there is only one solution - shut down allnetwork links of other countries. But of course that would mean no Internetaccess for the whole country and that is disgust by the whole nation.Secondly, everyone has their personal judgment values. The decision of somepeople cannot represent the whole population of those using the net. Many people contention that pornography on the net should be censored because there are kidsonline. However, we can see there are many kids of pornographic magazines on break at newsstands. It is because we have regulations to limit who can readcertain published materials. Likewise, some people already use special softwareto regulate the age limit in cyberspace. Why do people still argue about that?It is all about personal points of views. Justice Douglas said, "To many theSong of Solomon is obscene. I do not think we, the judge, were ever given theconstitutional power to make definitions of obscenity."II. In cyberspace, it ishard to set up a pool of judges to censor what could be displayed on the net.Thirdly, censorship works against democratic spirit, it opposes the right offree speech and is a breach of the First Amendment.